Why We Laugh Essay Example

Why We Laugh Essay Cleverness is a subject that has pulled in the consideration and enthusiasm of a portion of our most prominent personalities, from Aristotle and Kant to Freud. It has additionally intrigued and had a significant influence in crafted by probably the best journalists, for example, Shakespeare and Oscar Wilde. Be that as it may, inquisitively, following a large number of years spent attempting to get humor, there is still a lot of discussion about what funniness is or why something is interesting. There are some fascinating speculations, however, on this issue. For Aristotle, parody depends on â€Å"an impersonation of men more awful than the average,† of individuals who are â€Å"ridiculous†. Hobbes conveyed a similar thought somewhat further. He stated, â€Å"the energy of chuckling is nothing else except for unexpected brilliance emerging from an abrupt origination of some prominence in ourselves by correlation with the illness of others, or with our own once in the past. † There is another hypothesis that is presumably the most significant and most broadly acknowledged of the clarifications of silliness. This hypothesis contends that all amusingness includes an a contrast between what one expects and what one gets. One of the additionally intriguing and dubious hypotheses of funniness originates from crafted by Freud. The psychoanalytic hypothesis of amusingness contends that silliness is basically covered animosity which gives us delights we urgently hunger for. As Freud wrote in his great bookâ€Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious†â€Å"and here finally we can comprehend what it is that jokes accomplish in the administration of their motivation. We will compose a custom article test on Why We Laugh explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Why We Laugh explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Why We Laugh explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer They make conceivable the fulfillment of an intuition (regardless of whether lascivious or threatening) notwithstanding an obstruction that holds its up. † Freud additionally describes various awesome Jewish jokes in his book and implies the wonderful measure of self-analysis found in jokes which all Jews tell about themselves. â€Å"Incidentally,’ he composed, â€Å"I don't know whether there are numerous different examples of a people ridiculing such its very own extent character†. His utilization of the word â€Å"fun† is significant. He didn't see Jewish jokes as masochistic (satisfaction picked up from torment, hardship). The polar opposite. It may be contended that since humor is a powerful method to staying in contact with the real world, Jewish diversion has been personally associated with Jewish endurance. Likewise, humor isn't an inactive and paltry issue yet by and large empowers individuals to increase significant bits of knowledge into social and political issues. The truth is this apparently unimportant, insignificant, basic thing we know as cleverness is extremely confounding and assumes an imperative job in our mystic lives and in the public arena.

Racism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Prejudice - Essay Example Along these lines, so as to shield that from occurring, the indigenous individuals utilize prejudice and ethnic segregation to drive the outsiders off. So as to dispense with bigotry and ethnic separation from our general public, it is basic that enemy of prejudice ideas are developed in youngsters in schools. Ideas created in the schools assume a crucial job in deciding the manner in which a kid would act as a grown-up. Along these lines, subjects as humanism and religion must be caused essential piece of the educational plan so as to instill the feeling of equity and congruity in the kids with the goal that they become dependable residents as grown-ups. In the working environment, managers ought to uphold decides that transparently dishearten the presentation of any kind of bigotry with respect to the representatives. Workers indicating bigotry ought to be ousted. In like manner, government ought to organize talks to persuade the older against prejudice. I don't believe that we cou ld ever have the option to totally freed the universe of partiality. Independent of the training or preparing, individuals in a general sense carry on as their tendency directs them to, however on the off chance that the previously mentioned measures are taken, individuals can be at any rate affected to change their demeanor towards individuals from different races.

Hallucination Types, Causes, and Examples

Hallucination Types, Causes, and Examples Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Print Hallucination Types, Causes, and Examples By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 01, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 25, 2019 Tim Robberts Collection/ Stone / Getty Images More in Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Mania and Hypomania Depression Diagnosis Treatment The word hallucination comes from Latin and means to wander mentally. Hallucinations have been defined as the perception of a nonexistent object or event and sensory experiences that are not caused by stimulation of the relevant sensory organs. In laymans terms, hallucinations involve hearing, seeing, feeling, smelling, or even tasting things that are not real. However, auditory hallucinations, hearing voices or other sounds that have no physical source, are the most common type. Hallucinations Can Occur With Bipolar Disorder Hallucinations are most often associated with  schizophrenia. However, they may also occur when you have  bipolar disorder when either your depression or mania has psychotic features or symptoms, which include hallucinations and delusions. Sometimes people with bipolar disorder are misdiagnosed with schizophrenia because they may have psychotic symptoms. Hallucinations are one possible characteristic specifically of bipolar I disorder, both in mania and in depression. In bipolar II, hallucinations may occur only during depression.  Cyclothymia by definition excludes the presence of hallucinations. If you have hallucinations and/or delusions, chances are good that youve been diagnosed with bipolar disorder with psychotic features. Types of Hallucinations There are five types of hallucinations, including: Auditory: This is the most common type of hallucination. You may hear voices or sounds that no one else can.Visual: You may see people, colors, shapes, or items that arent real. This is the second most common type of hallucination.Tactile: You may feel sensations or feel like youre being touched when youre not. This can include a feeling of bugs crawling all over you or under your skin. These hallucinations rarely occur in bipolar disorder.Olfactory: You smell something that no one else can and that has no physical source. This type is less common than visual and auditory.Taste: You have a taste in your mouth that has no source. This is the rarest type of hallucination. Other Causes of Hallucinations Not only do hallucinations occur in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but they can also occur in these physical and psychological instances as well: Schizoaffective disorderMigraineEpilepsyAlcohol or drug withdrawalMiddle or inner ear diseasesStrokeAuditory nerve diseasePost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)Dissociative identity disorderNeurologic disordersGlaucomaOphthalmic diseasesSleep deprivationUsing hallucinogensNarcolepsyMetabolic conditions Examples of Hallucinations Here are two peoples experiences of hallucinations: I dont see pink cartoon bunnies, but sometimes when Im manic I think I see things like motion peripherally where there is none or stuff moving in the reflections in mirrors. I think I hear my name or weird, unclear snatches of noise. It makes me paranoid and then I see more stuff, but I dont actually see anything. Its more like a visual or auditory twitch. Ive had hallucinations during depression which involve seeing dead, decaying flesh on peoples faces. Ive also had auditory hallucinations (i.e., hearing voices) during a mixed episode. The voices have a buzzing sound, and it seems like there are thousands of them. They are talking about me, but I cant make out what they say. And sometimes, while extremely agitated, I think I hear a voice whispering my name.

Hallucination Types, Causes, and Examples

Hallucination Types, Causes, and Examples Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Print Hallucination Types, Causes, and Examples By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 01, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 25, 2019 Tim Robberts Collection/ Stone / Getty Images More in Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Mania and Hypomania Depression Diagnosis Treatment The word hallucination comes from Latin and means to wander mentally. Hallucinations have been defined as the perception of a nonexistent object or event and sensory experiences that are not caused by stimulation of the relevant sensory organs. In laymans terms, hallucinations involve hearing, seeing, feeling, smelling, or even tasting things that are not real. However, auditory hallucinations, hearing voices or other sounds that have no physical source, are the most common type. Hallucinations Can Occur With Bipolar Disorder Hallucinations are most often associated with  schizophrenia. However, they may also occur when you have  bipolar disorder when either your depression or mania has psychotic features or symptoms, which include hallucinations and delusions. Sometimes people with bipolar disorder are misdiagnosed with schizophrenia because they may have psychotic symptoms. Hallucinations are one possible characteristic specifically of bipolar I disorder, both in mania and in depression. In bipolar II, hallucinations may occur only during depression.  Cyclothymia by definition excludes the presence of hallucinations. If you have hallucinations and/or delusions, chances are good that youve been diagnosed with bipolar disorder with psychotic features. Types of Hallucinations There are five types of hallucinations, including: Auditory: This is the most common type of hallucination. You may hear voices or sounds that no one else can.Visual: You may see people, colors, shapes, or items that arent real. This is the second most common type of hallucination.Tactile: You may feel sensations or feel like youre being touched when youre not. This can include a feeling of bugs crawling all over you or under your skin. These hallucinations rarely occur in bipolar disorder.Olfactory: You smell something that no one else can and that has no physical source. This type is less common than visual and auditory.Taste: You have a taste in your mouth that has no source. This is the rarest type of hallucination. Other Causes of Hallucinations Not only do hallucinations occur in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but they can also occur in these physical and psychological instances as well: Schizoaffective disorderMigraineEpilepsyAlcohol or drug withdrawalMiddle or inner ear diseasesStrokeAuditory nerve diseasePost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)Dissociative identity disorderNeurologic disordersGlaucomaOphthalmic diseasesSleep deprivationUsing hallucinogensNarcolepsyMetabolic conditions Examples of Hallucinations Here are two peoples experiences of hallucinations: I dont see pink cartoon bunnies, but sometimes when Im manic I think I see things like motion peripherally where there is none or stuff moving in the reflections in mirrors. I think I hear my name or weird, unclear snatches of noise. It makes me paranoid and then I see more stuff, but I dont actually see anything. Its more like a visual or auditory twitch. Ive had hallucinations during depression which involve seeing dead, decaying flesh on peoples faces. Ive also had auditory hallucinations (i.e., hearing voices) during a mixed episode. The voices have a buzzing sound, and it seems like there are thousands of them. They are talking about me, but I cant make out what they say. And sometimes, while extremely agitated, I think I hear a voice whispering my name.

The Connections Between Renaissance Architecture And...

Renaissance ideas of the relationship of music and cosmology to architecture substantially predate the 15th century and were influential long after it. Discuss. In this essay, I will not only be discussing at the connections between Renaissance architecture and cosmology as well as music, but also the what Renaissance architecture is and how it played a key part in architectural design today. The Renaissance period took place during the early 15th century to early 17th century, the age of Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael. Architects of the time took inspiration from classical Roman architecture. This means it is an analysis of architecture in the ancient world, especially ancient Greece and Rome. What the Renaissance learnt from the Romans has how they used the space, looked at the form and had somewhat accurate measurements. And so, they copied elements and modified it, for example, many columns having a slightly intruded appearance on walls to give decoration to the building. They loved looking at the design and proportions and the mainly thrived in Italy during the early semester. It wasn’t until the latter years where Renaissan ce architecture started to spread throughout Europe, where many architects were fading from the gothic style previously used. However, large numbers of buildings incorporated a mixture of Renaissance and Gothic styles. A famous building built during the Renaissance period is St Peter’s Basilica, made in Rome, which was designed by manyShow MoreRelatedsociology4813 Words   |  20 PagesCoomara Swamy s works helped in the development of sociology in India. Being a believer in the abstract values, e.g., God, values of goodness, architecture and sculpture. his work is just opposite of B.K. Sarkar who worked to explore the material basis of Indian society. The first three decades of 20th century may be described as a period of Renaissance. Notable personalities such as Vivekananda, Sri Aurobindo, and Rabindranath Tagore were also trying to project an idealistic view of India. TheseRead MoreThe Birth of Civilization18947 Words   |  76 Pagesagainst the inner face. No other Ne olithic settlement has been found with fortifications. These two sites show that the economies and settlement patterns of the Neolithic period may have been more complicated than scholars previously thought. the Renaissance, but it was Europe that produced Copernicus and Newton. The nineteenth century saw the invention of the steam engine, the steamship, the locomotive, the telegraph and telephone, and the automobile. After those inventions came electric lights

Chaucers Use of the Female Gender to Shape His Text with...

Chaucers Use of the Female Gender to Shape His Text with Reference to Wife of Bath With reference to Chaucers Wife of Bath, we can clearly see how Chaucer uses the female gender to shape his text. Chaucer uses the female gender to show the many chacteristics or traits a female may have. He shows this through the tale of the Wife of Bath and the female characters in the tale such as the old women. Chaucer hopes to give us an insight into a womens thought and desires. The Wife of Bath tells the tale of a young knight whom, after the rape of a maiden, must search for the answer to the question, what is it that women most desire? The knight has one year to find the answer and return to King Arthurs court, or else he will be†¦show more content†¦This is all proven through the many ways she portrays her characters. The wife of Bath desires the obvious in life, but what she desires most is being more powerful than her husband. In a relationship, she wants to be the dominant of the two, the one who is in control and takes the decisions in the relationships. This i s shown in her tale when no women in the assembly disagreed with the knights reply (and certainly not the old hag). There is another example of the desire for power of the women in a relationship. The old hag, after marrying the knight, gives him the choice of which women he rather have. The knight leaves the decision up to the old lady and is rewarded. The wife of bath desires to have a husband that is meek, young and fresh in bed. This desire also leads her to become envious of her charters in her tale. The Wife of Bath is jealous of the old hag in her tale because the old lady has the power in the story. However in the wife of baths true life, she didnt always have control in her relationship with her fifth husband. The wife of bath was married five times and is looking for a sixth husband. She used the church as a way to meet men not as a place of worship. Pilgrimage provided her with the opportunity for traveling as well as meeting new people. Her journeys are hard and dangerou s, which show the reader that she is a robust and adventitious woman. Clothing is a way of characterizing her, which isShow MoreRelatedCanterbury Tales Character Analysis997 Words   |  4 Pages Additionally, Morrison claims that the Wife’s vernacular demonstrates the trilingual society existing in fifteenth century England. The Wife references her sexual organs in the three prominent languages of her time; she uses the English term â€Å"queynte,† the French term â€Å"bele chose† and the Latin term â€Å"quoniam† (Morrison). The three languages represent the structure of the patriarchal society existing in England; Latin is the language of the church and government, French is the language of the nobility

Motivation and Teams Case Study Free Essays

The goal-setting theory states that employees are motivated when they are given a specific goal. Mary Ellen Sheets set goals and had business plans made so she knew approximately how well the company would do. She wanted everyone to have a good experience with a business known to cause less stress and she worked hard to accomplish that. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation and Teams Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ms. Sheets created Stick Men University to create consistently high-performing teams for her company. The franchise owners and the men who do the moving are taught everything she has learned from the initial contact with a customer to the end of the move. Franchisees and movers learn the basics—from answering a customer’s first phone call to a handshake after the move is done. The job enrichment theory states that if employees have control over how their jobs are preformed or managed they will be motivated to work better. Klaus Kleinfeld was able to negotiate with employee representatives to get work done quicker by working flexible shifts. Work that is finished quicker translates into more money and job security, two things that would motivate employees to perform their jobs better. Mr. Kleinfeld encouraged his employees to pull together to get their job done. He understood that many jobs are being outsourced to other countries and to keep their jobs it was important to work together. He works hard at knowing everything about Siemens so that he was an important part of the company and he has job security. He answered e-mails from employee reps almost immediately, even late at night. He was able to motivate people to pull together. How to cite Motivation and Teams Case Study, Free Case study samples

Ethics and Accountability in the Philippine Public Service free essay sample

â€Å"Ethics and Accountability in the Philippine Public Service: Role of Citizens, Public Officials, Private Sector and Civil Society In my previous paper, I mentioned that values are as important in our government system as the other functions and political processes are. Unit VI discussed how crucial and vital ethics and accountability is in our government. It also talks about the significance of our own moral code, seeing that public ethics are part of the overall value system, and is culture as well as country-specific. Politicians and public servants especially those in high positions are hailed as models of integrity, and the public expects nothing more but honor and morality from them since they were elected or appointed to that public office. Have you heard of the saying â€Å"Public office is public trust? † It means that, since the citizens found you worthy and collectively agreed to entrust and grant you with power and authority over them, you owe it to them to put it to good use, the control and use of information and resources, to act for and in behalf of them and to put their welfare first before any personal interests. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics and Accountability in the Philippine Public Service or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are provisions and code of conduct which deals with that, grounded on ethics and accountability. Ethics and accountability means so much for public officials, both appointed and elected by the Philippine government. Ethics serve as a guide for behavior of people in public service, a common reference point and a unifying thread. Simply put, it is the notion of right and wrong. However, something right and trivial for normal citizens might not be so negligible when done by a public official. A businessman can treat his family to Hawaii for a two-month vacation, and people wouldn’t so much as lift an eyebrow, but if a public official has done that, it would surely cause uproar. It is a sad thing, that citizens have such double-standards when it comes to our state yet you can’t really blame them. When they elected you, they expected you to be a model of morality, to be someone with unswerving loyalty in our country, and to put everyone else’s welfare before yours. Though the core values may be different depending on what function you are performing or what phase of the political process you’re in, the general values are common, to treat citizens with respect, fairness and integrity, to be impartial and reasonable in your actions and to ensure accountability , effectiveness and efficiency in the delivery of service. Accountability is not an entirely different matter. As we all know, accountability is one of the four pillars of governance. It states that the person in charge or responsible for the action should be held liable on the effects and consequences of that action. It is a condition in which the individuals who exercise power are restrained by external means and by internal norms to abide to the standard behavior. The administrator in charge and who issued the order would account for his stewardship or resources or authority when the time comes that an institutions of a system of checks and balances inspect their organization. There is an appropriate provision in the Philippine Constitution which sets the standards of behavior for public officials. It is the Constitutional Provisions. According to the 1987 Constitution, Article XI Section 1: Accountability of public officers Public Office is public trust, Public Officers and employees must at all times be accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty and efficiency, act with patriotism and justice and lead modest lives It means that public officials and employees should be accountable to the people, not just sometimes, or most of the time but all the time. They must give it their all in order to serve them properly and effectively and put our citizen’s welfare first before anything else. Another law which served to enforce proper behavior in our public officials is the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees, R. A. 6713, Sec. 4 Norms of conduct of public officials and employees. It states that â€Å"every public official and employee shall observe the following (traits mentioned) as standards of personal conduct in the discharge and execution of official duties. The characteristics mentioned are: Commitment to public interest, Professionalism, Justness and sincerity, Political neutrality or nonpartisanship, Responsiveness to the public, Nationalism and patriotism, Commitment to Democracy and Simple Living. All this is to prevent our officials from being tempted with misconduct which could inevitably lead to corruption. All over the world, corruption is a major problem. Because it slows economic growth and hinders countries which would have otherwise achieved development. Different measures are being taken by the countries. In Philippine society, Political leaders, appointive officials, citizens, civil society and the private sector all have a role towards the prevention and punishment of corruption. Political leaders could streamline and clarify the regulatory framework as it is the single most effective anti-corruption measure. It also reduces transaction costs and improves economic efficiency. By doing so, you can make the procedures more predictable which makes actions out of line more noticeable and corruption is harder to commit. Also the punishment for those caught should be swift and certain so that it may be more effective than severe punishments with an extremely low probability of being imposed. Appointive officials should follow the Code of Ethical Standards of Public Officials and Employees. When they manage, they must create a climate of trust but they must still supervise through effective oversight. Trust but verify† (transparency accountability) In their personnel procedures, ethics should be introduced in the recruitment and advancement process. Whistle-blowers should not only be protected, but also rewarded. (Accountability for their personnel) Citizens should avoid bribing and corrupting the officials themselves. There would be no bribes for the officials to accept in the first if someone hadn’t given it to them. They must ensure active partic ipation towards the abolition of corruption in our system.

Fungicides Market Trends Forecasts to 2019 Essay Example

Fungicides Market Trends Forecasts to 2019 Essay Fungicides Market by Type (Benzimidazoles, Dithiocarbamates, Phenylamides, Chloronitriles, Strobilurins, Triazoles,), by CROP Type (Cereals Grains, Oilseeds Pulses, Fruits Vegetables), by Geography – Global Trends Forecasts to 2019 The fungicides market has grown exponentially in the last few years and this growth is expected to continue. Numerous factors such as high cost of seeds, ease of application, modern production practices, new product offerings, increased availability, and increasing threat of fungal infections are the major causes of the increasing demand for fungicides. Fungicides inhibit the growth of pathogens so that plant tissues that provide carbohydrates to the grains are protected from damage. They are applied to the seed, in the furrow or directly onto the leaves and stems, as foliar sprays. The best approach to protect these tissues is by applying fungicides to seeds or as soil treatments or sprays during stem elongation. This helps in reducing the growth and reproduction of the fungus. Fungicides are better at protecting diseases than eradicating them. Early treatment given to crops can reduce the amount of airborne pathogens spreading from one crop to another. The European Union as well as the FDA (U.S.) is keeping a strict vigil on chemicals used in fungicides. Due to these restrictions, extensive investigation and progress is undertaken by key players to develop more environment-friendly fungicides as well as utilize biological sources for manufacturing them. We will write a custom essay sample on Fungicides Market Trends Forecasts to 2019 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Fungicides Market Trends Forecasts to 2019 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Fungicides Market Trends Forecasts to 2019 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Complete report available @ http://www.rnrmarketresearch.com/fungicides-market-by-type-benzimidazoles-dithiocarbamates-phenylamides-chloronitriles-strobilurins-triazoles-by-crop-type-cereals-grains-oilseeds-pulses-fruits-vegetables-by-geog-market-report.html Companies are entering into distribution agreements to gain access to unexplored markets in the Asia-Pacific, Latin American, and the Middle Eastern regions. Reputed companies such as Bayer CropScience (Germany), BASF (Germany), Syngenta (Switzerland), and DuPont (U.S.) are investing in greenfield ventures in emerging economies to reap the benefits of low-cost

Indonesia essays

Indonesia essays This report will be on the History in Brief of Indonesia, the Government of Indonesia, the island of Java, and the Geography of Indonesia. In early days, the region from India to Japan, including Indonesia, was known to the Europeans as the Indies. Chris Columbus was looking for a westward sea root from Europe to the Indies, when he arrived in America. During 1600s the Dutch political control began to spread Indonesia. Indonesia declared it's independence in 1945 and fought the Dutch until 1949, when they gave up their control. At first, the Dutch allowed nationalist movement to develop. In 1905, it had introduced councils to govern the towns and cities. By 1920, there were 32 such councils, with little electoral franchise. Other councils were also established. They included provincial councils in Java, and group communities councils outside Java. The current government of Indonesia is based on a constitution written in 1945. A president serves as the head of government. The preside nt appoints a sheet of advisers consisting of top military leaders and civilians. In theory, the assembly is supposed to establish a general direction of the government's policies. A house of peoples Representatives is the nation's parliament, however, in practice neither the assembly nor the house has real power. Instead, it is the president who makes all of the important decisions. The president is elected to a five-year term the Peoples Consultative assembly. The assembly has 1,000 members. It includes the 500 members of the people's representatives. It also includes 500 members of regional, occupational, and other groups. All assembly members serve five-year terms. The assembly usually is only held once every five years. The 500 members of the People's Representatives includes 400 who are elected through a system that insures that the government's political organization win most of the seats. Serviceman have no vote, so the remaining ...

Argumentative research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Argumentative research paper - Essay Example Another negative effect of cyberbullying is that it causes emotional damage to the victims, pushing many of them to commit suicide. The suicide rates among teenagers alone as a result of cyberbullying has increased drastically over the years. This shows how cyberbullying crimes are not confined to the virtual world, but can spread out to reality. Finally, one of the major problems with cyberbullying is that the bullies do not recognize that cyberbullying is wrong, unaware of the seriousness due to a lack of face-to-face interaction. Since people do not recognize the dangers of cyberbullying, many people have become bullies simply because they know they won’t get caught. However, some people believe that cyberworld is just virtual reality, and that cyberbullying does not affect reality. This attitude makes it difficult to put an end to cyberbullying, which can bring crime to the real world. As such, cyberbullying should be treated seriously and be punishable by law. One of the most common forms of cyberbullying is an invasion of privacy, which is more commonly known as identity theft. When bullies on the Internet obtain the social security and credit card numbers of their victims, they use this information to purchase expensive items that the bullies get to enjoy but the victims have to pay for (Stickley 147). As a result of identity theft, the victims not only lose money, but their credit is damaged, making it hard for the victim to make purchases for themselves in the future. Since identity theft is a tough crime to solve, many of the bullies get away with their misdeeds. Invasion of privacy reveals how cyberbullying is not a victimless crime, which is a concept that those who engage in cyberbullying seem unaware of. The damage being done may be accomplished by means of a computer and the Internet, but people in the real world are affected by their actions. There have also been some instances of privacy invasion in which the phone numbers and addresses obtained by these bullies were used to harass, stalk, and harm the victims in the real world (Bocij 76). When this happens, not only is the life of the victim placed in danger, but so are the lives of their friends and family. Cyberbullying that takes place over the Internet is a horrifying experience, the terror of which is intensified due to the anonymity of the bully. Not being able to see the face of one’s enemy, not knowing who is victimizing them, can be nerve-wrecking but there is little fear that something will occur beyond the Internet. However, when this danger seeps into the real world and the cyberbullies have access to their victims outside of the Internet, the horror becomes more pronounced, and the victims risk losing more than just money or their credit score, but their lives. Cyberbullying is also not limited to monetary and potentially physical damage, but to emotional damage as well. As further proof that cyberbullying is indeed a victim-centered crime, the individuals who find themselves on the receiving end of attacks of cyberbullying risk severe emotional distress. When the bullying is taken too far, many victims feel that they cannot handle the abuse, even

Development and Globalization in Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Development and Globalization in Africa - Essay Example Dams and water reservoirs have the ability to divert the natural course of rivers, a process that affects the economic and social position of other countries served by the same water body. The development of dams also changes the original riparian users of such natural resources to new beneficiaries, a situation that can create national animosity and understanding. Based on this argument, the construction of dams is affected by the need to bring together the conflicting interests of different nations affected by the same decision. Nations must find the best ways to share the available resources equitably and in a sustainable manner with the aim of meeting the needs of the environment and the economy as a whole2. The development of most African countries has been centered on the need to empower the agricultural sector and reduce the cost of energy generation and electricity use. This goal has been achieved fully or in part in most African countries such as Egypt and Ghana through the construction of dams and water reservoirs. The commission reports on dams highlight the significant position that dams play in the progressive development of an economy. First, dams remain significant and influential in the development and economic empowerment of human beings. Countries such as Egypt have derived massive benefits from dams constructed on controversial water bodies such as river Nile3. Secondly, most countries and people have been forced to pay significant amount of money to safeguard the benefits accrued from the construction of such dams in different parts of the continent. In most instances, the cost that has been incurred to secure the construction of such sites goes beyond the financial value it has on the economy and the people. Some communities living downstream and using the water bodies for various purposes have been forced into

Portrayal Of Homosexuals In Bollywood Film Industry Sociology Essay

Portrayal Of Homosexuals In Bollywood Film Industry Sociology Essay This study on the perception on the portrayal of homosexuals in Bollywood film industry was majorly chosen as homosexuals have always been a topic the researcher wants to research on. Moreover there have been several research on homosexuals laws, their societal status, their recognition in the society, their rights, etc. but there have been less study in relation of homosexuals in media that to in the Indian film industry Bollywood. After the case and the controversies of the movie FIRE people in India have got an idea about homosexuals but they have still not come out and spoke about it or have accepted them as a part of their societies. Major protest, rallies have been taking place on recent schedules in India in different cities by these homosexual people but the society has still not stood up to answer them. India has about 2.5 million homosexuals which makes it 15-20 % of the population. Further few studies conducted in relation to this topic say that homosexuals have a bad ima ge in the society as they are the minorities and they are seen as negative people in the society. So the researcher carried with the research on the portrayal of the homosexuals in the Bollywood movies their perception in South India. If any well-educated man is asked to control is sexuality towards a women he would say NO they why does the society see homosexuals alone in a different way? Just because they are minority in the society? Doesnt every individual have their own rights in selection of their sexuality that to from a democratic country like us? The question that is yet to be answered is whether to start discussing these complex issues such a gays and lesbianism. Clearly the place of them in the culture is one of the central debates for decades and media representation will continue to be contested terrain for some time. Homosexuality, it is true that it was practiced in the ancient era and other parts of the world including few tribes of Africa where it is still practiced. But in todays world it is a known concept and practice in major parts of the countries and cities. In India on a continuous basis different rallys has been taking place in the major cities such as Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi to educate people about the group and also to seek their own rights in the society. From culture to sex everything is related to education it starts from there. Thus this topic homosexuality has been chosen by the researcher in an attempt to make the general public aware of the existing relationship between similar sexes and to help this minority to gain their basic rights. Among all the media in the mass communication field, cinema is the most powerful and a popular one. Films being the main source of entertainment in India, people of every section of the society like to watch and enjoy movies. The lack of alternative mode of entertainment in rural centers had resulted in the emerging cinema and it is also a cheap form of entertainment for the lower classes whos only other mode of entertainment is chit chatting and roaming in the streets. When cinema has the power to attract so many people in a society like us, one can imagine the influence it has on the audience life style, but at the same time one cannot also deny the fact that the reel is similar to the real. Especially in Indian movies, cinema in a way reflects our society. It is also a form of social phenomenon. Cinema makes use of all the socio-cultural beliefs and as and how situations changes the film makers also change the pattern of presenting it to the public. All these specialties of Bombay cinema makes it a powerful instrument of image and opinion building in the minds of our society. Films are a social document and representation of reality. In the case of homosexuality there has been a lot of information provided in the printed, television and the internet but when it comes to cinema there is a separate genre called the Queer Cinema. How effectively has this genre reflected its main concern that is the homosexuality is the reason behind the selection of this topic by the researcher. Films being a great artifact of the society at these times, they have a great and deep impact on their audiences. And keeping the Indian audience in mind film has been selected to be the most appropriate mediums it goes across the literacy level and encompasses all sections of the Indian population society, so the best medium to reach out to society and to examine the portrayal of homosexuality is through films especially Bollywood films. 3.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The objective of the study is to examine the portrayal of homosexuals in the Bollywood films through both Quantitative as well as Qualitative research methods. To understand how Bollywood Films as a form of media has portrayed the homosexuality? To comprehend the Perception of the Homosexuals on the Portrayal of homosexuality in the Bollywood Films? To examine the perception of media professionals and the public on the portrayal of homosexuality in Bollywood Films? 3.3 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS Homosexuals: they are people who get attracted to the same sex mentally, physically and sexually. Gay/Lesbians: Gay is when a man is attracted to another man mentally, physically and sexually. Lesbian is when a woman is attracted to another woman mentally, physically and sexually. LGBT: Expansion lesbian, Gay, Bi-sexual, Transgender. It is a community to help the minorities in the society. Queer culture: The pattern of life, behavior, attitude, relationships of the members of society who has an alternative sexual orientation. Queer Films: The movies whose central themes are based on same-sex relationships. Homophobia: Homophobia is a feeling of hatred or fear towards the homosexuals. Negative attitude towards non-heterosexual people and also hostility towards them. Sexual minority: People in the societies who are less in number and discriminated in accordance with their sexuality or orientation or gender identity. Perception: The  process  by which people translate sensory  impressions into a coherent and unified view of the world around them. Though necessarily based on incomplete and unverified (or unreliable)  information, perception is equated with reality for most  practical  purposes and guides  human behavior  in general. (Business Dictoinary) 3.4 RESEARCH DESIGN Research is a way thinking, analyzing examining critically the various aspects of day to day professional life understanding and formulating procedures that govern a particular procedure and testing it with theories for enhancement of the studies. In simple words it is one of the ways to find answer to a question. In this particular study the research is done to find out the perception of public, homosexuals and media professionals on the portrayal of homosexuals in the Bollywood films. Research is a process of collecting analyzing and interpreting information to answer questions (Berger, 2000) To do a research there are two methods: The Qualitative 2) The Quantitative. Qualitative research is generally conducted to know the standard the quality and the analysis of a particular topic. Whereas quantitative research is done on the validation of a number or numeric. The researcher did both Qualitative and Quantitative study. 3.4.1 Methods of data collection Methods of Data Collection Secondary Sources Primary Sources Documents Questionnaire Interviewing Observation Mail Questionnaire Participant Structured Collective Questionnaire Unstructured Non-Participant GOVT Publications Earlier Research Census Personal Records Client Histories Service records (Cited from Research Methodologies, Ranjit Kumar-2005, pg. 118) (Kumar, 2005) 3.4.2 Quantitative Research: Different researchers have Different definitions for quantitative research methods. According to Cohen and Manion (Cohen Manion, 1980), quantitative research is a social process that involves empirical methods and statements. He explains empirical statement as descriptive statement about what is the case and real world that what ought to be. Whereas, John Creswell (Creswell,1994) he defined quantitative research as a type of research that explains phenomena by collecting any numerical data that are analyzed using mathematics (in particular statics). In a quantitative project, the problem is best addressed by understanding what factors or variables influence an outcome. (Creswell, 1994) The word quantity comes from a Latin word meaning quantitas.This particular research method measures, counts, focuses and it is statistical , describes and predicts and finally leads to hypothesis and theory. There are different methods of conducting quantitative research but in this particular study the researcher adopted surveying method to collect data from the general public and to know their perception on the portrayal of homosexuality in Bollywood movies. Surveying: Surveying design provides a quantitative or numeric description of trends, attitudes, or opinions of a population by studying a sample of that population. (Cresw,1994) . A research method used to get information from particular or certain groups which represent a larger group of people who are to the interest to us. We concentrate things on what people know, what they think, they do, their attitudes, beliefs, behaviors etc. There are two kinds of surveys: Descriptive surveys and Analytical surveys. Surveys collect data in two methods: Interviews or the self-administrated questionnaires. Questionnaire is a list of questions which is passed over to a large number of people and they are asked to answer it and hand it over to the senders. Interviews can be group, individual, and personal through face to face or even telephone. This method is in-expensive and it is very common. In this method information can be attained at one time because it collects quantitative and numeric data. (Berger, 2000) Advantages and Disadvantages of Quantitative Research Methods: Advantages: Enables the description of the social structure that is not directly observable. Well suited for comparison between groups, areas, etc. None biased and Analysis is between social phenomenon Well suited for Quantitative description Description of change is applicable. Disadvantages: Applicable only for measureable phenomena Simplifies the complex reality Difficult to study process and dynamic phenomena Description of perspective, meaning and intentions are difficult. 3.4.3 Qualitative Research Method Qualitative research is focussed on deeper significance that the subject the researcher aspires to research one. Interpretive, naturalistic approaches to the subjects are a part of the qualitative research analysis. It gives more importance to the data collected or existing information. Qualitative researches rely on text and image data, have unique steps in data analysis and draw on diverse strategies of inquiry (Creswell, 1994). There are several characteristics for qualitative research methods: It takes place in natural setting. Uses multiple methods that are interactive and humanistic. It is emergent rather than tightly prefigured. It is fundamentally interpretive. It is via a social phenomenon. It totally depends on the participants and their biography and their information. Complex reasonings are used. Types of data collection in qualitative research methods are: Observations Completer participant Observer as participant Participant as observer Complete observer Interviews Face to face Telephone Group Mail Documents Public documents Private documents Email discussions Audiovisual materials Photographs Videotapes Art objects Computer software Film The word quality is from a Latin word qualitas meaning what kind? It involves matters such as text, degree of excellence and distinguishing characteristics. The common qualitative research methods are Field Studies Focus Group In-depth interviews Case studies Content Analysis In this particular study the researcher had chosen qualitative method in which he would conduct in-depth interviews to get the perception of the homosexuals and the media professionals. In-Depth Interview: In-depth Interview also called as Intensive interview are hybrid one to one conversation or communication. In-depth interviewing is qualitative research technique that involves conducting intensive individual interviews with a small number of respondents to explore their perspective on a particular idea, programme or situation. (Boyce Neale, May 2006) Qualities of intensive interviews are: Small samples Gives a detailed background and specific answers Lengthy observation of respondents. Customized to individual respondents The rapport between the interviewer and respondent matter Process of conducting in-depth interview : Plan Develop Instrument Train Data Collectors Collect data Analyze Data Disseminate Findings. Advantages and Disadvantages of in-depth interview (Boyce Neale, May 2006) Advantages: Wealth of details the method provides Data is more accurate responses on sensitive issues when compared to other methods such as survey The rapport between the interviewer and respondent is easy to develop Practical in nature Information obtained through this method is virtually impossible to be obtained from other method. Defectiveness is involved Dis-advantages: Generalization Takes place sometimes Sensitive to interviewer Bias Sometimes problems in Data analysis 3.4.4 TRIANGULATION It is selected a model when a researcher uses two different methods in an attempt to confirm, cross-validate or corroborate findings with a single study. (Greene Caracelli, 1997) Triangulation is a research method used in combination of several research methodologies in the study of the same phenomenon. In this particular research a combination of qualitative and quantitative is used for the study. This traditional method was originally used in social science research studies. It is an appropriate method in studying the credibility of the qualitative research analysis. It is one of the mixed method models in the research methods. This traditional model uses both quantitative as well as qualitative in balancing both the methods negatives and doing an in-depth research. The triangulation research process has different models such a convergence, Data Transformation Model, Validating Quantitative Data Model, Multilevel Model. In this particular research the researcher used triangulation model to collect datas from all the groups and to validate data. In this particular study the researcher had chosen the triangulation method for a comparative analysis of the perception of the homosexuals, media professionals and the public on the portrayal of homosexuality in the Bollywood movies. -Triangulation Convergence Model: (Creswell Clark, Mixed Method Research, 2007) QUAN-Results QUAN-Data Analysis QUAN-Data Collection Interpretation QUAL+ QUAN Compare And Contrast QUAL Data Collection QUAL- Results QUAL Data analysis -Advantages and Disadvantages of Triangulation research method: (Creswell Plano Clark, 2007) Advantages: Overall interpretation is from variety of different factors. Cross validation. Balance between methods. Well validated and sub-stantiated findings and well known for many researchers. Disadvantages: Increased amount of time needed in comparison of both the methods data collected. Difficulty of dealing with the vast amount of data. 2.5.5 SAMPLING Sampling is the tradition of metric research to develop claims that generalize across populations of people, media industries, media texts and the like. (Anderson, 2012) Therefore most of the research involves some method of sampling that enters a set of population in the research. There are basically two types of sampling: Probability and Non-probability sampling. Probability Sampling: It is when each one of the population has an equal or known chances of selection. The best of this sampling method is that every member of the population either in equal chances as in simple random sampling or known chances as in Stratified random sampling. This method gives each and every individual a chance of being selected. Non-Probability Sampling: This method of sampling requires more concentration and thought more than probability sampling. This method can still represent a population in the criterion basis. Every effort has to be made for the control of the sources and to avoid errors in the study. There are different types of non-probability sampling. They are: Convenience Samples: In this sample the analyst attempts to anticipate the arguments against its acceptance. Quota and Judgment Samples: This sampling method needs to ensure that the evidence for the quota values and the judgments made is strong enough to justify their use. Panel Studies: The research panel will draw out a random sample drawn according to best practices. Snowball Sampling : Snowball sampling another type of non-probability sampling and a method which will be used in this particular study. Snowball sampling is when one particular participants help is finding out other participants. In simple terms it can be called as the respondent -driven sample. This method is greatly affected by the initial point of access- the one who starts the snowball. This method requires advance knowledge on the set of population thats being sampled. This particular sampling method helps in understanding the entire group of sample to be studied but it is a complex method as it is difficult for analysis and errors might take place due to communication process. The researcher adopted this method in finding out samples for the qualitative research methods to examine the perception of the homosexuals about the portrayal of homosexuality in Bollywood movies. The researcher interviewed a samples size of 10 for the in-depth interview and one extended interview that is with a sample one for the media professionals perceptions about the portrayal of homosexuality in Bollywood movies. Purposive Sampling: The purposive sampling technique, also called judgment sampling, is the deliberate choice of an informant due to the qualities the informant possesses. ( Dolores C. Tongco, 2007) This sampling is a non-probability sampling method which does not need any of the underlying theories or set of informants. Simply put, the researcher decides what needs to be known and sets out to find people who can and are willing to provide the information by virtue of knowledge or experience (Bernard 2002, Lewis Sheppard 2006). For the quantitative method the researcher has adopted survey method with non-probability sampling i.e. purposive sampling and collected questionnaires from people in south India who has watched Bollywood movies. A sample size of 150 was collected from which the researcher got about 120 completed questionnaires. The age group concentrated was from the 18-30. The table below will explain the distribution of the survey method sample by age and gender. Sample will be equally distributed among the gender and age so that the analysis is not gender or age biased. Table 3.1: Distribution of respondents according sex Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent Cumulative Per cent Valid female 59 49.2 49.2 49.2 male 61 50.8 50.8 100.0 Total 120 100 100.0 Table 3.2: Distribution of Respondents by Age Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent Cumulative Per cent Valid 18-22 41 33.9 34.2 34.2 23-26 40 33.1 33.3 67.5 27-30 39 32.2 32.5 100.0 Total 120 100 100.0 s

The Right To A Free Trial :: essays research papers

The Right To A Free Trial   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the most important freedoms in the American judicial system is the right to a jury trial. This allows a minimum of six Americans, chosen from a list of registered voters, to determine a person's guilt or innocence through deliberations. They have the power to express the conscious of society as well as interpret and judge the laws themselves. If they feel that a law is unconstitutional, evil, or even unfair they can void it for the circumstance by declaring the defendant not-guilty. The power of the jury is enormous and through time has become more equitable by decreasing the limitations to become a juror including race and sex. Part of the reasoning behind the right to a jury trial is to limit government power. Although judges should be fair and just, total power is too strong, and could be used to aid some people while harming others. As someone once said, â€Å"Power corrupts sometimes, but absolute power corrupts absolutely.† Many people thought anarchy would form through the use of a jury system, but no such thing has occurred. It has produced a feeling of involvement in the judicial system and government itself. Throughout this essay, a comparison of a real jury, a simulated jury, and Hollywood's perception of a jury will be discussed. The television special, Inside the Jury Room, showed a videotaping of a real life jury as seen in a small criminal courtroom. The case was Wisconsin v. Leroy Reed, a criminal trial for the possession of a firearm by an ex-convict. The simulated jury concerned an ex-military man who shot two police officers, killing one and seriously injuring another. The police had broken into his house because there was probable cause to believe he had drugs. The man shot the officers because he thought they were robbing his house. The Hollywood version, titled 12 Angry Men, revolved around a teenage boy who was accused of murdering his father and could possibly lose his life if found guilty. The topics of jury selection and appearance, the jurors understanding of their significance, and the deliberation and verdict will be examined for the three juries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The actual jury itself, has much bearing on how a verdict will result. Are the members compassionate? Rigid? Black? White? Rich? or Poor? All of these factors can influence a jury; this is why lawyers are so critical when making their decisions. In the past, juries only admitted white males, as in 12 Angry Men. Discrimination against blacks has always existed; and until the fifteenth amendment was passed, and the Grandfather Clause, White Primaries, and

Culture and Sexual Behaviors

Indeed, an obvious common trait of every being, insects, animals, and peoples, comes from their need for reproduction. On the lesser beings, the need for reproduction is based on the security of their species and on increasing their population for food and territorial accumulation.People on the other hand, aside for survivability, see reproduction as an opportunity for fulfilling sexual desires. However, sexual activity is enforced not only by instinct but by other factors such as intimacy and social engagement. Also, sexual behavior is where human families are formed and defined[1].Culture has contributed on the differences of sexual behaviors of humanity. Because of the diversity of native or local beliefs, traditions, practices, and arts among people of different nationality, sexual behaviors differ across nations.Also, religious affiliation and moral convictions affect these differences. In this essay we will discuss culture and religion and their development by region and give s pecific examples by country. Also, the essay will seek to describe and define sexual behaviors with regards to psychological studies.Sexual behavior is a term which describes human activities concerning their interaction with an homosexual or hetersexual partner. Sexual activities primarily start on attraction by an individual and the efforts done in order to attract the other person. It is followed by interactions and conversations which later reveal their compatibility and satisfy their preferences.Social contact or the actual love-making then occurs. The process may happen in a short period of time in liberal societies, usually in places where people are open minded on the concept of â€Å"one night stands.† In conservative areas, however, sexual behavior may follow strictly the tradition of courting which may take a very long time.One major sexual behavior issue concerns sexual transmitted diseases (STD's). Transmitted through sexual activities, these diseases requires th e attention of health workers and the awareness of the public. Also, another issue is pre-marital sex or literally engaging in sexual activities outside of marriage.This sexual activity is criticized mainly by religious sectors who value the sanctity of marriage and reproduction, most vocal is the catholic church. Other important issues are rape, child pornography, and unwanted pregnancy.Culture is considered to be the mental programming of societies which differentiates them from another [2]. Cultures primarily have three elements: systems of meaning, ways of social organization, and unique group features and product[3].It implies a society's set of norms, behaviors, practices, beliefs, and moral considerations. On these, it is proper to say that culture defines how and what people conceive and act. These factors are however changed by people due to their exposure to other cultures.The differences between cultures are caused mainly by the area's native and historical formation. How ever, cultures are influenced mainly by religious dominance or teachings accepted in the area. Large portions of a sociey's norms and values come from religious teachings. Religion affects one's convictions and moral considerations, which also defines individual actual preferences.The western culture is considered to be the most dominant due to its rich and early development and the capacity of its people to employ their cultural activities in many places through efficient means. Also, it is enforced by great western thinkers and intellectuals who have contributed in the formation of human activities and knowledge. Included are Aristotle, John Locke, David Hume, Immanuel Kant, Karl Marx, and Martin Luther.Western culture originated in ancient Greece, the founder of freedom and democracy. There the formation of free human thought and will came to the conception of many through the great teachers like Socrates and Plato.It grew larger together with the expansion of the Roman Empire in Europe leaving large amount of influence to its new found territories. Its development goes with the stages of intellectual formation in the west, including the renaissance, scientific revolution, the period of enlightenment, the American revolution, the industrial revolution, and today's modern and advanced society[4].Individualism and the pursuit of knowledge and practical results characterize western culture[5]. These then explains the active, open-minded, and experimenting characteristics of westerners.The Asian culture is the collective term for the system of thought and action for the continent of Asia. The area however is subdivided into different relative nations or regions based on their geographical and historical relationships. Included in this regions are the central, east, south(Indian subcontinent), north, southwest, and southeast asia.These subregions usually share a common history and heritage, with beliefs extended by religious dominance. Also, many parts of Asia h ave been colonized by western countries thus having characteristics of western culture.Compared to western beliefs, Asians give large amount of importance to hierarchy, politeness, and conservatism. Traditions are followed strictly in many places not yet influenced by the west. Also, the non-material pursuit dominates Asian beliefs due to the extensive influence of Buddhism.[1]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tom W. Smith. American Sexual Behavior: Trends, Socio-Demographic Differences, and Risk Behavior [Digital Library] Available from http://cloud9.norc.uchicago.edu/dlib/t-25.htm[2]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Silvia Ubillos, Darà ­o Paez and Josà © Luis Gonzà ¡lez. â€Å"Culture and sexual behavior† Psicothema 2000. Vol. 12, Supl., pp. 70-82 [ Digital Book] [3]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Peg Collins, Dr. Richard Law, and Eric Miraglia. â€Å"What is Culture† [website] accessed from http://www.wsu.edu/gened/learn-modules/top_culture/culture-index.html[4]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Western Culture Global. â€Å"What is Western C ulture.† [Internet Article] Accessed from http://www.westerncultureglobal.org/what-is-western-culture.html#1a[5]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dr James Ng. Characteristics of Chinese culture and aspects of health care [internet article] accessed from http://www.stevenyoung.co.nz/The-Chinese-in-New-Zealand/History-of-Chinese-in-NewZealand/Characteristics-of-Chinese-culture-and-aspects-of-health-care.html

Arthur Miller, The Crucible- Explain how tension is...

In The Crucible there is a lot of tension that builds gradually throughout the play. Tension is a very important factor in The Crucible and Arthur Miller uses a lot of different techniques to create and illustrate it. The tension repeatedly rises, and then falls. This could be displayed in a graph. The graph would start with small peaks, and as the tension escalates the peaks would gradually become higher. Note every peak would be higher than the previous to show a gradual build of tension throughout the whole play. I am going to focus mainly on the end of act one, and the start of act two. I will explore the two scenes in great detail, and compare how the tension is similar and how it is different. The first thing that is striking to†¦show more content†¦The crescendo of voices causes mass hysteria on the stage. Also the repetition of I saw with the devil dominates the stage by creating on extremely tense atmosphere. This crescendo of voices increases the mass hysteria. This contrasts enormously with the beginning of Act 2. There is no dialogue at the beginning of the scene, and the only sound heard after the mass hysteria, is Elizabeth singing a peaceful lullaby to her children. The room instead of being full of people, is actually completely empty. The juxtaposition between the two scenes would affect the audience enormously and add a sense of anticipation and involvement. The first thing that happens in this scene is when John Proctor enters the room. He looks around and notices a pot of stew simmering over the fireplace, he tastes the stew but however he is not quite pleased with the taste. He Takes a pinch of salt, and drops it into the pot. He does this secretly as not to upset Elizabeth. This shows the secretive element to their relationship as well as his underlying consideration for her feelings. As Elizabeth enters she does not embrace Proctor nor does she greet him with any physical contact; metaphorically this implies distance. She just asks:What keeps you so late?The first dialogue spoken is a question. She obviously doesnt trust him and in the back of her mind she imagines he has been with his mistress, Abigail. He answers her questions in very little detail. HisShow MoreRelatedHow Does Arthur Miller Create Drama and Tension in Act 1 of ‘the Crucible’?1661 Words   |  7 PagesHow does Arthur Miller create drama and tension in Act 1 of ‘The Crucible’? The Crucible is a play, which explores the witch- hunting hysteria that happened in Salem 1692. Miller uses this â€Å"organized mass-hysteria†[1] to comment on his own similar experience during the 1950s. Through â€Å"The Crucible†, Miller is able to draw an analogy between the hysteria of the Salem witch-trails and its modern parallel of the anti communist ‘witch-hunts’ which occurred due to the HUAC-House of un-American CommitteeRead MoreThe Cold War And The Cuban Missile Crisis2976 Words   |  12 PagesActivities Committee each year. 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